From Net-Zero Energy Factory to an Industrial Renewable Energy Community: A German Case Study

This study explores the concept design of an Industrial Renewable Energy Community (IREC) involving two small enterprises in Germany: a carpentry operating as a Net-Zero Energy Factory (NZEF) and a funeral service company. Despite the delayed transposition of EU directives on energy communities in Germany, the proposed configuration illustrates a replicable model for integrating renewable generation, industrial flexibility, and digital trust mechanisms. Both companies operate photovoltaic systems, batteries, and electric vehicles, and are connected to the same substation. The carpentry controls production processes and an air compressor, while the funeral facility offers thermal flexibility through refrigeration units. By sharing surplus energy and coordinating flexible loads, the IREC aims to maximise self-consumption, reduce grid dependency, and create additional value via blockchain-based sustainability certification. The model aligns with the Clean Industrial Deal objectives and provides insights into economic, technical, and regulatory aspects of industrial community energy systems.