Traceable Efficiency Determination of Large-Area Perovskite on Silicon Tandem Modules - Insights from a Calibration Laboratories Perspective

As the perovskite on silicon solar cell technology strives towards commercialization, the need to produce large-area devicesincreases and so does the necessity to traceably determine their efficiency. However, suitable measurement procedures and con-sequently efficiencies of such devices are rarely published. Due to metastability and the two-terminal tandem architecture, highdemands are set on measurement procedures and the equipment used. In this publication, we present a measurement procedurewhich is fully built on a light emitting diode (LED)-based solar simulator. Besides power measurements, the procedure includesa full module EQE measurement, determination of temperature coefficients as well as investigations under various spectral con-ditions. We therefore present an approach to conduct a complete tandem module calibration using a single measurement setup byutilizing the spectral variability of the LED solar simulator. The introduced procedure is exemplarily carried out on a large-areaperovskite on silicon tandem module which achieves an efficiency of 25%.