Temporary tank emplacements in SAR images of new space satellites: a signature analysis

New Space Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites yield an increasing potential for security and defense purposes, however, as of yet the lack of insight regarding sensor specific signature properties impedes this task. SAR simulation can provide a valuable insight into these signature properties. A selection of objects relevant for reconnaissance are explored regarding their signature characteristics in SAR images of New Space satellites, using the example of the Capella Space constellation. The focus is on temporary tank emplacements, their occupancy status and visibility. With the aid of Open-Source information, 3d models of temporary tank emplacements were generated for different states of occupancy. Using the CohRaS R SAR simulator of Fraunhofer IOSB these models were then simulated with sensor and acquisition parameters matching those of Capella Space. System specific properties, such as the variation of system noise levels or the limits of acquisition geometry are taken into account. Finally, a comparison between simulated signatures and signatures of real SAR imagery, as well as a discussion about the qualitative properties of these signatures are provided.