Outdoor Study of Photovoltaic Mini-Modules with Different Perovskite Compositions

A long-term outdoor study of photovoltaic mini-modules with different perovskite compositions was undertaken to detect differences in their long-term performance that could be attributed to their composition. Diurnal efficiency degradation and overnight recovery was observed over the outdoor testing period. In addition, the performance recovery of the mini-modules was investigated after their removal from the field to detect differences in the reversible process mechanisms between the different module compositions. Light current-voltage (IV) scans, Resonance Raman spectroscopy techniques and spatially-resolved Electroluminescence (EL) measurements were utilized for this purpose.