Overview of heating and cooling Perceptions, markets and regulatory frameworks for decarbonisation. Deliverable 4, European end user costs for providing heating and cooling with heat pumps and district heating (Task 4)

This report was created within the project "Overview of Heating and Cooling: Perceptions, Markets and Regulatory Frameworks for Decarbonisation." The focus of this report is on the evaluation of the final cost for owning and operating district heating (DH) connections and heat pumps (HPs) for preparing space heating and space cooling as well as domestic hot water (DHW) from an end user’s perspective. This analysis was conducted for different typical residential consumers in the individual Member States of EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland.