Higher-order 3D-shell elements and anisotropic 3D yield functions for improved sheet metal forming simulations: Part II

This two-part series focuses on the industrial application of higher-order 3D-shell elements and anisotropic 3D yield functions in sheet metal forming simulations. In the second part, the effect of plastic anisotropy with respect to the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour on sheet metal forming simulations is analysed. To this end, parameters of the anisotropic 3D yield function Yld2004-18p were identified by a crystal plasticity modelling approach for an AA6014-T4 aluminium alloy. Different loading conditions related to the plane and full stress state were carried out to study the plastic anisotropy with respect to the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour.