Demographic Fairness in Biometric Systems: What Do the Experts Say?

Biometric technologies [1] have become an integral component of many personal, commercial, and governmental identity management systems worldwide. Biometrics rely on highly distinctive characteristics of human beings, which make it possible for individuals to be reliably recognized using fully automated algorithms. Prominent examples of biometric characteristics used for recognition purposes are face, fingerprint, iris, and voice. Application scenarios of biometrics beyond personal devices (see [2] ) include, but are not limited to, border control (see [3] , [4] , and [5] ), forensic investigations, law enforcement (see [6] and [7] ), and national ID systems (see [8] ).