Design principles for energy flexible production systems

The change of the energy supply from conventional energy sources to renewable ones is a challenge for the whole society. It is a well-known fact that this alteration causes increasing energy volatility and therefore requires a change in energy use. When it comes to production matters, energy is yet a resource which is available immediately on-demand. In the future, energy needs to be considered as a resource during the production planning process. Therefore, certain design principles for energy flexible production systems must be developed and will be presented in this paper. Finally, the paper also shows in which way the design principles affect the specific energy flexibility characteristics.