Efficiency of Heat Pumps in Real Operating Conditions - Comparison of three Monitoring Campaigns in Germany

Since 2006 Fraunhofer ISE in Freiburg, Germany, has been investigating electric heat pumps in single-family dwellings. Within three projects nearly 250 air-to-water and brine-towater heat pumps system have been investigated under real operating conditions in houses with various energetic standards (from low-energy to un-retrofitted stock buildings with high energy demand).