Antenna array calibration algorithms

For various array signal processing methods, a well calibrated antenna array is necessary to achieve a high gain from their application. Consequences of calibration errors on null steering beamforming techniques are given here. In the past, array calibration algorithms for mobile communications systems have been proposed, which make use of waves from surrounding base stations. Some aspects of accuracy limitations of this approach are treated in this paper. Further, an extended calibration model for microstrip antenna arrays is presented which allows a more accurate calibration. An algorithm to determine the required calibration parameters from antenna measurements is given.