Urban processes in Smart Cities

Urban governance and planning evolved last decades in the direction of a) a more business-like and b) participatory oriented "urban management" approach. The new model strengthens the role of the responsible citizen and media. Modern urban governance and planning furthermore addresses c) an integrated cross-sectorial view. d) Its priorities are based on "sustainable development" - it reflects environmental aspects. e) ICT-technologies have substantially contributed to modernisation of the public sector and support to integrate and visualize formerly separated planning areas, into a context-sensitive view. Urban planning is managed in terms of "processes". Within the new model of public governance structured in urban processes ICT leads to wards a structural change. Urban planning obligations are formulated in "implementation plans" and are oriented at Key Performance Indicators (KPI). KPIs are matched to relevant plan objectives manifested in the implementation plan of the city. The activity of continuously keeping the implementation plan under review is a core urban management process and can be supported by ICT and all kind of sensed, analysed and visualized data. Stakeholder/citizen involvement in this kind of processes (in the definition of the implementation plan as well as in the definition of the KPIs) is a basic concept for the modern urban process.