Towards AI-Supported Knowledge Graphs for Product Design: A Framework for Domain Knowledge Externalization

The externalization of expert domain knowledge remains a bottleneck in developing digital representations of complex technical systems. This challenge is particularly relevant for ontology-based knowledge management, which relies heavily on structured knowledge sources. This paper presents a framework covering all phases of ontology development, initial creation, management, and extension, demonstrating how domain-specific knowledge can be systematically incorporated. Developed using the Design Research Methodology, the framework identifies which steps can be partially automated with artificial intelligence while preserving essential human oversight. Its applicability is outlined in the domain of electric drive systems. The framework is then evaluated through role-specific expert interviews and a follow-up questionnaire, discussing both technical requirements and human-in-the-loop considerations. The resulting framework provides a transferable foundation for ontology modelling in product design and offers insights into the integration of AI-assisted ontology engineering into industrial design processes.