Sea Trial Measurements of LTE and HF Performance for Underwater Network Extension

This paper presents an analysis of data collected during sea trials, showcasing the capabilities of the buoy concept outlined in prior publication. Underwater networks that are extended through a wireless network domain can enhance an underwater network's characteristics in terms of bandwidth, robustness, interoperability and distance. Central to the setup is a gateway buoy facilitating connectivity between the underwater network and the surface wireless network. Two distinct sets of measurements were conducted: one utilizing High Frequency (HF) and the other employing Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technology. The primary focus of these measurements is to assess the achievable range. The performance of these wireless technologies plays a crucial role in this analysis.