Modelling of Active Distribution Networks for Power System Restoration Studies

This paper presents an aggregated model of Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) appropriate for power system restoration studies. The ADN considers aggregated loads and inverter based generation, such as wind and photovoltaic generation. The load model incorporates: i) time series data for consumption; ii) voltage and frequency dependency; iii) under frequency load shedding; iv) disconnection behavior; and v) cold load pick-up. The generation model considers: i) time series data for generation; ii) over frequency active power reduction; iii) disconnection; and iv) reconnection behavior. The ADN model covers dynamic phenomena in the time scale of tens of seconds up to several minutes with the focus on frequency dynamics. Moreover, the model was tested in several case studies and shows adequate dynamic behavior.