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  4. Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Products to Produce Fuels and Chemicals
 
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2021
Book Article
Title

Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Products to Produce Fuels and Chemicals

Abstract
The considerable growth in energy demands and limited fossil fuel sources, together with environmental concerns, have forced the study of renewable, green and sustainable energy sources. Biomass and its residues can be transformed into valued chemicals and fuels with several thermal conversion processes, which are combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Combustion is a chemical process that involves the rapid reaction of substances with oxygen, producing heat. Gasification produces synthesis gas at high temperatures (800-1200 °C) to generate heat and power. Pyrolysis has been applied for many years for charcoal formation, while intermediate and fast pyrolysis processes have become of significant interest in recent years. The reason for this interest is that these processes provide different bio-products (bio-oil, synthesis gas and biochar), which can be applied directly in various applications or as a sustainable energy carrier. The present chapter covers an overview of the fundamentals of slow, intermediate and fast pyrolysis, followed by the properties and applicability of the pyrolysis products. This study also identifies the features and advantages of the thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR) process in comparison with other technologies. This report presents a comprehensive literature review of bio-oil production and upgrading methods. In addition, the most common catalysts and supports for different upgrading methods are introduced. Finally, the current pathways for 2-methylfuran (2-MF) formation and the selection of xylose-rich biomass are discussed.
Author(s)
Jahangiri, Hessam
School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham UK
Santos, Joao
School of Water, Energy and Environment Cranfield University Cranfield UK
Hornung, Andreas  orcid-logo
Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT  
Ouadi, Miloud
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Mainwork
Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Biomass Conversion and Green Chemistry - Volume 1  
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-65017-9_1
Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT  
Keyword(s)
  • bioenergy

  • combustion

  • gasification

  • pyrolysis

  • thermo-catalytic reforming

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