Considering energy in the simulation of manufacturing systems

In recent years, environmental aspects became one of the key interests in manufacturing. Accordingly, simulation studies had to include factors like energy or emissions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the state of the art in modeling of energy and emissions in simulation of manufacturing systems. We review existing literature to develop a landscape of common approaches and best practices. Typical goals and objectives of the reviewed simulation projects are summarized. Furthermore, we will evaluate the structure and life cycle phases of the examined manufacturing systems and look into the requirements and implementation of respective simulation studies. Finally, we will discuss open questions and future trends in this field of research.