Photovoltaic module measurement and characterization in the laboratory

This chapter introduces basics of photovoltaic (PV) module measurement with regard to calibration and characterization. These tests play an important role for PV module manufacturers, purchasers and investors in PV projects, as they create important data on the quality of the PV modules under scrutiny, for example, in terms of conformity with data sheet indications or for prediction of PV system performance. Section 2.2 explains the underlying measurement process for I-. V curve measurements and requirements for precise and accurate calibrations. The term calibration refers to standard testing conditions measurements performed by an accredited calibration laboratory. Section 2.3 gives information on the characterization, that is, the determination of other yield-relevant module characteristics. Section 2.4 adds some practical implications regarding module sampling, which is important for characterization of module types as opposed to characterization of individual PV mo dules.