Geometrically based statistical channel models for outdoor and indoor propagation environments

This paper presents a geometrically based statistical channel model with scatterers that are randomly distributed around the base station within a circle that is determined by the coverage area of the base-station antenna. The joint probability density function (pdf) of time of arrival (TOA)/angle of arrival (AOA), the marginal pdf of AOA, and the marginal pdf of TOA are derived for a general distribution of scatterers around the base station. Rayleigh and exponential distributions are selected as special cases for discussion. Comparisons between our theoretical calculations and the empirical results, as well as the measurement data that are reported in the literature, show that the Rayleigh distribution scatterer model can be applied to an outdoor microcell propagation environment, while the exponential distribution scatterer model gives accurate results for an indoor office/laboratory propagation environment.