Operando Dilatometry and Gas Analysis of Na-Hard Carbon Half Cells with Carbonate Electrolyte

Hard Carbon (HC) anodes are a promising and widely used negative electrode for SIB, showing reversible gravimetric capacities in the range of 150 - 350 mAh
g-1. [1] Volume changes and parasitic side reactions with the electrolyte are undesirable ageing effects which can happen during cycling and shorten the lifespan of a battery. The focus of this work is on investigating ageing phenomena like thickness change of the electrode as well as electrolyte degradation.