Utilization of the results of public research and development

The extent and manner to which the results of public R and D can be used in industry depend to a large extent on the targets for which the respective R and D activities were carried out, and in the R and D results materialize are divided into scientific reports, patent rights, materially developed technologies, the knowledge and learning and cooperation. The following promotional instruments of varying efficiency and range can be used to extend and support the industrial use of R and D: - improvement of the understanding and availability of the R and D results; - user-oriented transformation of the R and D results; - creation and support of the essential preconditions (in particular ability and readiness) for successful industrial utilization of the R and D results; - development and extension of a market for R and D results. Preliminary conclusion can be drawn from the experience to date in the Federal Republic of Germany. (ISI)