Power System Restoration. How could wind energy generators be included into today's restoration plans?

According to actual restoration plans, distributed generators in the distribution grid are not actively included and do not contribute to power system restoration (PSR) in a systematic way (1). This paper exemplifies how distributed generators cao specifically cootribute to system restoration process that starts from the inside of the affected area using a black start unit. Dyoamic models of Wind Energy Converters (WEC) providing ancillary services and additional system services have been used to perform appropriate simulations. WEC can generally provide instantaneous reserve by utilizing virtual inertia to stabilize the frequency of a network island. During a grid restoration process, the frequency dip resulting from a load connection can be lowered which reduces risk to fail, and new courses of action during PSR will occur. The dynamic model of WEC as well as simulation results are presented. Today charging power for long lines within the transmission grid is provided by compensation inductors. With this paper the provision of charging power by wind power plants is presented as an alternative method. The energizing of an extra high voltage overhead line during a PSR by a hydro black start unit with the assistance of wind power plants, followed by the provision of auxiliary power for the start of a thermal power plant, is shown by simulation.