Evaporation reduction and energy generation potential using floating photovoltaic power plants on the Aswan High Dam Reservoir

There is an opportunity for efficient implementation of floating photovoltaics (FPV) by coupling with other renewable energies, such as hydropower. The resulting synergies benefit both technologies. Particularly in arid regions, hydropower reservoirs face considerable evaporation. As a benefit, FPV minimizes evaporation while simultaneously generating renewable energy. In this study, we simulate the evaporation reduction due to FPV by applying the hydrodynamic General Lake Model together with the yield simulation model Zenit to the Aswan High Dam Reservoir. We estimate a 49.7% evaporation reduction at 90% FPV occupancy and water savings of up to 5.9 billion m³ per year (BCM a⁻¹). The mean specific water saving of the FPV system is 7.67 m³ a⁻¹ kWp⁻¹. We analyse possible ways to use the saved water, such as additional hydropower, filling up the Toshka Lakes, or agricultural irrigation. The use of FPV water savings for irrigation appeared to be most efficient.