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  4. Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Detectable but Reduced in Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Patients
 
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2022
Journal Article
Title

Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Detectable but Reduced in Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Patients

Abstract
In kidney transplant (KTX) patients, immune responses after booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 are inadequately examined. We analyzed these patients a median of four months after a third/fourth vaccination and compared them to healthy controls. Cellular responses were analyzed by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) ELISpot assays. Neutralizing antibody titers were assessed against SARS-CoV-2 D614G (wild type) and the variants alpha, delta, and omicron by a cell culture-based neutralization assay. Humoral immunity was also determined by a competitive fluorescence assay, using 11 different variants of SARS-CoV-2. Antibody ratios were measured by ELISA. KTX patients showed significantly lower SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ responses after booster vaccination than healthy controls. However, SARS-CoV-2-specific IL-2 responses were comparable to the T cell responses of healthy controls. Cell culture-based neutralizing antibody titers were 1.3-fold higher in healthy controls for D614G, alpha, and delta, and 7.8-fold higher for omicron (p < 0.01). Healthy controls had approximately 2-fold higher concentrations of potential neutralizing antibodies against all 11 variants than KTX patients. However, more than 60% of the KTX patients displayed antibodies to variants of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, KTX patients should be partly protected, due to neutralizing antibodies to variants of SARS-CoV-2 or by cross-reactive T cells, especially those producing IL-2.
Author(s)
Thümmler, Laura
Gäckler, Anja
Bormann, Maren
Ciesek, Sandra  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Translationale Medizin und Pharmakologie ITMP  
Widera, Marek
Rohn, Hana
Fisenkci, Neslinur
Otte, Mona
Alt, Mira
Dittmer, Ulf
Horn, Peter A.
Witzke, Oliver
Krawczyk, Adalbert
Lindemann, Monika
Journal
Vaccines  
Open Access
DOI
10.3390/vaccines10081348
Additional full text version
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Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Translationale Medizin und Pharmakologie ITMP  
Keyword(s)
  • ELISpot

  • T cells

  • vaccination

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