Joint Emitter Localization and Calibration for Moving Array Sensors

This paper addresses the problem of joint emitter localization and calibration for moving array sensors. Precise knowledge of the array response is essential for bias-free direction finding (DF) and localization using techniques such as MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) and direct position determination (DPD), respectively. Different extension of the array model have been proposed, in order to accurately describe the response of an array sensor to an electromagnetic wave with arbitrary direction of arrival.In this paper we propose a new self-calibration technique that jointly estimates emitter locations and array element position errors as well as gain and phase perturbations, two of the most common array imperfections. The Cramér-Rao lower bound is derived for this self-calibration problem and it is shown that the proposed method is asymptotically efficient using simulations. The correct operation of the self-calibration technique is verified using measurements collected by an array sensor designed for the 2.4 GHz ISM-band.