Continuous-Wave Photonic Terahertz Frequency Synthesis for Spectrum and Vector Network Analysis

Currently, commercially available electronic Spectrum Analyzers (SA) and Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) can operate up to 1.5 THz using frequency extender modules. However, achieving coverage from 0.09 THz to 1.5 THz requires at least 7 different extension modules, significantly driving up costs. To address these limitations, we propose a cost-effective and adaptable photonic frequency synthesis setup for precise measurements in the terahertz range. Our approach combines the exceptional frequency stability of high-frequency electronics as a reference to synchronize the beat signals of continuous-wave lasers. Through the synchronization of laser pairs in a cascaded manner, our system can be tailored to function as a single ultra-wideband frequency extension for commercial SA and VNA devices.