The measurement of technical performance in the framework of R and D intensity patent and trade indicators

It is more difficult both theoretically and in practice, to record and analyse the returns from research, development (R and D) and innovation than it is to cover expenditures incurred in such activities. Therefore, it is suggested to embark on correlated systems of output indicators of various types. The rudiments of such a network are presented. The underlying principle is systematically collected data regarding technological competition at an international level, the state-of-the-art in product groups with a promising future ("technometrics"), industrial research and development expenditures and patent activities. A synopsis of the various types of indicators generated from the data provides a consolidated and reliable picture of the innovation dynamics in industrialized countries, which can be put to use in terms of both individual enterprises or research institutions and the national economy. Peer evaluation and personal expertise are an essential addition to science and technolog y indicators to bridge the inconsistencies and the lack of adaption within the indicator systems. As the technometric approach is largely based on expert interviews, the technometric indicators play a central role in any science, technology, and innovation indicator network.