Single and polycrystalline transparent ceramic armor with different crystal structure

Contrary to the moderate ballistic advantage of Al2O3 ceramics over MgAl2O4 polycrystals, the present study shows a reverse ratio of the ballistic strength of alumina and spinel single crystals: Spinel single crystals outperform sapphire and exhibit a similarly high stability as submicrometer Al2O3 ceramics. The results correlate with different cleavage of single crystalline spinel and sapphire, changing the fragmentation on ballistic impact.