Radiation impact on the two-dimensional modeling of glass sheet sagging and tempering

Two-dimensional modeling of glass sheet sagging and tempering that includes solving the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) has been developed to take surface radiation, internal radiation and external radiative sources into consideration throughout the process. The RTE is solved using the P1-Approximation and is numerically implemented in ABAQUS® finite element software. The first original aspect of this study is that it solves the entire forming process, including forming and tempering as well as radiative effects. The second original aspect is that it solves the RTE on a non-fixed domain. The benefit of the method is demonstrated by comparing the deformed shape after forming and the residual stress after tempering by solving the RTE with P1-Approximation and by using approximate methods.