Wireless closed-loop control of centrifugo-pneumatic valving towards large-scale microfluidic process integration

We present for the first time an integrated wirelessly powered Arduino processor and Bluetooth interface that are co-rotated with the cartridge to allow large-scale process integration on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. This highly modular, electronically controlled ""Lab-on-a-Disc"" system (eLoaD) can independently actuate up to 128 normally-closed valves by an array of microheaters during rotation for comprehensive, highly parallelized sample-to-answer automation. Additionally, we implement real-time optical (colour intensity) measurement for closed-loop control of liquid handling, sample preparation and detection.