Miniature fuel cell systems for consumer applications

The development of miniaturized fuel cell systems as a supplement or a substitute to rechargeable batteries is relatively recent. This is due to the fact, that the technical challenges of complete device integrated systems are manifold and that the battery technology does not keep pace any more with the growing power demand of modern electronic devices. Mobile computing, communication and imaging products such as 4C-products (camcorders, cell phones, computers, cordless tools) converge more and more and as a result of this, there is an increase in intelligence (computation), connectivity (band width), the promotion of 'always on' and thus a considerable higher power demand. Fuel cells have some significant intrinsic advantages which make them attractive candidates as a power source for future generation products.