Environmental damage - Nicotine balance of cigarettes (tobacco burners) when smoking

Illegally disposed cigarette butts cause enormous environmental damage [1,2,3]! Of the over 6 trillion cigarettes smoked worldwide each year, smokers throw around 4 trillion into the countryside. Toxicity [4,5] and microplastics [6] are of gigantic consequences for plants, animals and humans, not including the personal damage [7] caused by active and passive smokers. The environmental hazard of passive smoking (UFP PM2.5) is very high [8,9]. Of the approximately 12,000 different chemicals