Systematic Review on Barriers, Enablers, and Interdependencies

This study addresses a critical research gap by examining sector-specific barriers and enablers of circular economy adoption in the mobile phone industry, focusing on their influence on the value framework of circular business models. Through a systematic literature review, network mapping, and causal loop diagram, the study synthesises insights into feedback mechanisms driving or hindering CE adoption. Key findings reveal 51 barriers and 48 enablers categorised into six domains: financial and market, operational, organisational, policy and regulation, intrinsic, and technology and knowledge. Barriers include cost uncertainties, limited infrastructure, and consumer reluctance to repair, while enablers such as product lifecycle extension, reverse logistics, and regulatory incentives offer pathways for CE adoption. The feedback mechanisms identified through the causal loop diagram inform the study's four key propositions. First, aligning value creation with CE principles requires modular design, operational efficiencies, and collaborative ecosystems to address industry challenges and extend product lifecycles. Second, refining the value proposition demands balancing environmental, economic, and technological competitiveness, addressing consumer perceptions, and employing circularity metrics to drive adoption. Third, optimising value delivery and capture necessitates collaboration, regulatory support, and restructured mechanisms to preserve utility, enable material recirculation, and ensure sustainability across lifecycles. Fourth, overcoming cooperation barriers and fostering inclusive partnerships are vital to enhance stakeholder collaboration and achieve CE's environmental, economic, and social goals. Through these propositions, this study provides actionable strategies for operationalising CE principles, aligning CBMs with sustainability goals, that could enable a systemic transition towards circularity in the mobile phone industry.