Charging electrically driven buses considering load balancing in the power grid

Electrically powered buses in public transportation are increasingly being put into operation. The energy supply needs a careful planning just to keep all busses continuously in operation and to avoid power peaks in the grid. This problem is solved by a two-step planning procedure which is based on a linear model. The first step is an analytical optimization under simplified constraints. In a second step a simulator works on an extended model. The planning objectives are to minimize the investment and to minimize the power peaks. Additionally a simple decision algorithm computes the charging power at run time. The models are developed in detail and a small numerical example illustrates the work.