Light-induced performance increase of carbon-based perovskite solar module for 20-year stability

Improving stability has become one of the most important objectives in the practical application of perovskite photovoltaics. Here, we develop encapsulated mesoporous-carbon perovskite solar mini-modules that retain more than 92% of their initial performance after 3,000 h of damp-heat aging at 85°C/85% relative humidity, while maintaining 90% of the initial value (T90) for 3,260 h, equivalent to 20-year stability in outdoor use. This stability is attributed to the light-induced performance increase phenomenon. The mechanism is associated with the organic molecules 5-ammoniumvaleric acid and methylammonium forming a quasi-2-dimensional perovskite/metal oxide interface with a positive effect on charge transport and ion migration. This work extends our present understanding of the mechanism underlying the light-induced performance and stability increase.