Visualization of the shielding gas flow in SLM machines by space-resolved thermal anemometry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach in measuring the shielding gas flow within laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) machines under near-process conditions (regarding oxygen content and shielding gas flow). Design/methodology/approach The measurements are made sequentially using a hot-wire anemometer. After a short introduction into the measurement technique, the system which places the measurement probe within the machine is described. Finally, the measured shielding gas flow of a commercial L-PBF machine is presented. Findings An approach to measure the shielding gas flow within SLM machines has been developed and successfully tested. The use of a thermal anemometer along with an automated probe-placement system enables the space-resolved measurement of the flow speed and its turbulence. Research limitations/implications The used single-normal (SN) hot-wire anemometer does not provide the flow vectors' orientation. Using a probe with two or three hot-films and an improved placement system will provide more information about the flow and less disturbance to it. Originality/value A measurement system which allows the measurement of the shielding gas flow within commercial L-PBF machines is presented. This enables the correlation of the shielding gas flow with the resulting parts' quality.