Time Synchronization via TDoA Measurement of Broadband Satellite Signals in L-, X-And Ku-Band

Synchronization of local oscillators in a distributed multistatic sensor system can be achieved in various ways. However, for applications such as space surveillance or imaging radar, where individual nodes can profit from sub-nanosecond-scale alignment in relative time, current network time transfer protocols or commercial GNSS receivers may not be sufficient. In this paper, we describe a method of comparing clocks using bistatic time difference of arrival (TDoA) measurements of satellite signals. The hardware used in our system consists of a freely movable dish aperture with receivers in L-, X-, and Ku-Band, provides an antenna gain of 30-50 dB, and a bandwidth of up to 2.5 GHz. We describe the use of satellite signals to achieve a clock offset measurement precision below the 100 ps level.