A survey on smart product-service systems in manufacturing

The advancing digitization affects product design and manufacturing. Companies focus on product-service systems (PSS) to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, these PSS become increasingly complex as digital technologies are incorporated and cross-company collaboration and manufacturing is facilitated. In essence, we can observe a transition from conventional PSS to smart PSS, where the opportunities of digitization are effectively utilized and synergies between multiple stakeholders are fostered. Here, we present an analysis and classification of smart PSS considering aspects of business modeling, composition, design, quality and sustainability.