Sources of exposure and biological effects of chromium

Information is presented on the physiological activity of Cr3+ and Cr6+, and their carcinogenic potency is discussed. Recent epidemiological literature on carcinogenesis is surveyed for exposure by chromate producing, chromate pigment, chromate plating and ferro-chromium industries as well as exposure to welding fumes. The problems of Biological Monitoring are reported, and recommendations for clinical analyses are given. (ITA)