Computer aided design of battery management systems for automobiles - a model for lead acid batteries

A lead-acid battery model is introduced that describes the behavior of such batteries under all operational conditions and over a wide temperature range. The structure of this model makes it adaptable to different types of batteries, without any measurements. The model is a valuable tool for the development of battery management systems or simulation and optimization of complete onboard-networks. In addition, it allows to examine internal processes of lead-acid batteries which are mostly inaccessible by direct measurements.