An Energy Management Framework with Two-Stage Power Allocation Strategies for Electric-Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems

As the penetration of distributed energy resources keeps growing, energy storage is becoming an increasingly critical asset in power grids. For a specific application scenario, how to leverage the complementary characteristics of different energy storage technologies is challenging. This paper proposes a rule-based energy management framework featuring two-stage power allocation strategies for electric-hydrogen energy storage systems in the context of microgrids with renewable energy resources. The system employs a short-term supercapacitor technology and a long-term hydrogen technology. Ten operation modes of the framework are identified and analyzed. Two-stage strategies including adaptive power allocation and second power allocation are developed to distribute the high-frequency and low-frequency components of the power to the electric and hydrogen systems, respectively. Simulation results verify the operation of the framework and demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-stage strategies.