Framework for the Introduction of Data-driven and Service-oriented Business Models in Mechanical and Plant Engineering Companies

The current literature on the topic of data-driven and service-oriented business models (BM) is rich on frameworks describing strategic and organizational impediments, challenges, and solutions. Nevertheless, there is a lack on frameworks that provide a structured guidance for mechanical and plant engineering companies to implement those BM into their organization. This paper aims to close this gap in developing a comprehensive framework. Using the design science research (DSR) approach we conducted a systematic literature review and semi-structured expert interviews to gather strategic and organizational challenges and pertinent frameworks. These findings were converted into requirements to evaluate existing frameworks. From the evaluation, an action delta was derived as a starting point for the development of an artefact. The result of this artefact is the framework TriProGenix, which is designed to assist mechanical and plant engineering companies in developing and implementing data-driven and service-oriented BM. TriProGenix consists of four development levels, in which changes must be undertaken for an effective and efficient adoption: Strategy, Resources, Structure & Ecosystem, and Culture. With the use of a procedural model, the company is guided through the development levels. For further support throughout the process certain methods are provided, including strategy analysis, organizational analysis, etc. The framework is designed to be a valuable tool for decision-makers, to guide them through the process of BM implementation, offering structured problem-solving to improve decision-making, organizational alignment, knowledge sharing, and adaptability.