Perceptions of scientification of innovation as measured by referencing between patents and papers. Dynamics in science-based fields of technology

The science-linkage of technologies is measured by the number of citations to non-patent literature in patent search reports. On this basis, international comparisons between the leading industrial countries are made concerning the increase of science dependent areas, the national specialization and the time trends. For the case of Germany, investigations concerning the science dependance of the most important research institutions are made.