Constituting dimensions of early internationalizing firms. Towards a common framework

From both an entrepreneurial and international business vantage point, quick and early internationalization of firm value chain activities can allow firms to be as efficient, effective and competitive as possible right from the start. Nevertheless, the terms used to describe early internationalizing firms, as for example "born globals" or "international new ventures", currently have a multitude of interpretations and operationalizations. Based on a systematic literature review, we propose four criteria to distinguish these firms, including timing of foreign entry, business functions, ownership, and extent of multinationality. Thus, we seek to extend the current discussion and research efforts and embrace a broader perspective based on extant literature on early internationalizing firms.