Comparative analysis of C²ₙ estimation methods for sonic anemometer data

Wind speed and sonic temperature measured with ultrasonic anemometers are often utilized to estimate the refractive index structure parameter C²ₙ, a vital parameter for optical propagation. In this work, we compare four methods to estimate C²ₙ from CT2 , using the same temporal sonic temperature data streams for two separated sonic anemometers on a homogenous path. Values of C²ₙ obtained with these four methods using field trial data are compared to those from a commercial scintillometer and from the differential image motion method using a grid of light sources positioned at the end of a common path. In addition to the comparison between the methods, we also consider appropriate error bars for C²ₙ based on sonic temperature considering only the errors from having a finite number of turbulent samples. The Bayesian and power spectral methods were found to give adequate estimates for strong turbulence levels but consistently overestimated the C²ₙ for weak turbulence. The nearest neighbors and structure function methods performed well under all turbulence strengths tested.