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2024
Journal Article
Title

Navigating harsh ageing

Title Supplement
Unraveling galvanostatic corrosion effects on different constituents of carbon-polymer composite bipolar plates for vanadium redox flow batteries
Abstract
Bipolar plates made of carbon-polymer composites with different conductive carbon fillers, viz. graphite and carbon black, were galvanostatically corroded in a high-valence vanadium electrolyte. The harsh ageing conditions led to surface oxidation and roughening of the graphite with the formation of defective graphitic regions as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Further insight into the structural changes from the corroded surface to the bulk was gained by combining synchrotron computed tomography (CT) techniques based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and phase contrasts. The extent of corrosion increases as the relative amount of carbon black to graphite increases. Furthermore, corrosion progresses through significant structural and chemical changes in the graphite, manifested by the expansion of graphite flakes, their exfoliation, the development of disordered graphite and the formation of graphite oxide. The bulk of the polymer remains essentially unchanged, as determined by XRD-CT. SEM studies of the cross-section and nano-CT showed decreased carbon black content in the corroded region. It can be concluded that graphite delamination and oxidation, in combination with carbon black depletion, are the main causes of corrosion of the bipolar plates investigated.
Author(s)
Sharma, Priyanka
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
Bilican, Abdurrahaman
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
Schmidt, Wolfgang
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
Gutowski, Olof
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron -DESY-, Hamburg  
Dippel, Ann-christin
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
Kopietz, Lukas  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT  
Weidenthaler, Claudia
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
Journal
Carbon  
Open Access
DOI
10.1016/j.carbon.2024.118907
Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT  
Keyword(s)
  • Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Batterie

  • Carbon-polymer composite

  • corrosion

  • Structural characterisation

  • Computed tomography

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