Comparing different classroom ventilation concepts with respect to indoor air quality, thermal comfort and energy

Most German classrooms are not equipped with mechanical ventilation systems. Intermittent ventilation controlled by the occupants is the main way to provide fresh air. Measurements in real classrooms showed that the ventilation especially during cold seasons is insufficient. To develop a strategy for retrofitting school buildings, a project was initiated in order to compare different classroom ventilation concepts with respect to indoor air quality, thermal comfort and energy demand using dynamic thermal building simulation.