How Industrial Data Meets Information Requirements of the Digital Product Passport - The Case of Remanufacturing Data

The goal of this study is to evaluate how data from remanufacturing is useful to fulfill legal DPP requirements and to which extent the digital value stream approach can complement data collection. This was evaluated within the case study of a remanufacturing line for e-bike motors. The available, measured and estimated data is primarily evaluated towards its suitability to meet requirement (m) 'environmental impacts, including carbon and environmental footprint', as outlined in the ESPR Article 5. The carbon footprint within this study is evaluated based on three data sources: 1.Primary data readily available, directly measured at the process machines in the remanufacturing process 2.Primary data collected through the value stream approach and married with secondary data from technical data sheets, validated by primary data collected through single measurements of energy data However, the necessary data granularity depends on the target stakeholder. This study provides an overview of the granularity of the CO2 impact and underlying data that can be used both by consumers as well as to improve production processes. Granularity is discussed down to batch, model and item levels by using different levels of manufacturing timing and location as well as product condition in terms of age and usage. The examined remanufacturing processes show that the measured data granularity is sufficient to calculate the CO2 footprint on model level for consumers. However, the granularity for identifying hot spots and to support decision-making in remanufacturing remains limited.