Connecting energy storages from tool independent, signal-flow oriented FMUs

In cross-domain system simulation, models from a wide variety of tools are used. The FMI standard provides the possibility to connect these models as Functional Mockup Units. These so called FMUs have signal-flow oriented interfaces to each other. The interfaces can often be inconsistent due to missing knowledge of what kinds of energy storage are present in each model. The inconsistency leads to false simulation results. This article therefore presents design guidelines according to how energy storages can be distributed to different models of the electric drive technology. The goal here is to ensure correct numerical simulations. To validate these guidelines, a drive system is built from several FMUs and is compared against a topology-oriented reference.