CC BY 4.0Kranzl, LukasLukasKranzlForthuber, SebastianSebastianForthuberFallahnejad, MostafaMostafaFallahnejadBüchele, RichardRichardBücheleMüller, AndreasAndreasMüllerHummel, MarcusMarcusHummelFleiter, TobiasTobiasFleiterMandel, TimTimMandelBagheri, MahsaMahsaBagheriDeac, GerdaGerdaDeacBernath, ChristianeChristianeBernathMiosga, JonasJonasMiosgaKiefer, ChristophChristophKieferFragoso García, JoshuaJoshuaFragoso GarcíaBraungardt, SibylleSibylleBraungardtBürger, VeitVeitBürgerSpasova, DeyanaDeyanaSpasovaViegand, JanJanViegandNaeraa, RikkeRikkeNaeraa2022-09-022022-09-022022978-92-76-52341-3https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/42011510.2833/525486Space and water heating accounts for almost one third of the European final energy consumption. Thus, the sector needs special attention in the decarbonisation process. This study aims to provide a better information basis for policy design targeting decarbonisation of the space and water heating sector. This involves collecting data and information on the status-quo of the space and water heating sector in the EU with regard to energy consumption, energy carriers, technologies and the regulatory framework. Furthermore, alternative decarbonisation pathways are modelled to better understand the long-term perspectives and related costs. Finally, recommendations for policy design were developed and discussed with relevant stakeholders from EU and the Member States. The study focuses on heat consumption in buildings and covers space heating and the supply of sanitary hot water.enBuilding industryCarbon neutralityData collectionDirective (EU)Energy consumptionEnergy efficiencyEnergy technologyEU energy policyEU member stateHeatingRenewable energyWater supplyreport