Weber, S.S.WeberScheich, S.S.ScheichMagh, A.A.MaghWolf, S.S.WolfEnßle, J.C.J.C.EnßleBrunnberg, U.U.BrunnbergReinheimer, C.C.ReinheimerWichelhaus, T.A.T.A.WichelhausKempf, V.A.J.V.A.J.KempfKessel, J.J.KesselVehreschild, M.J.G.T.M.J.G.T.VehreschildServe, H.H.ServeBug, G.G.BugSteffen, B.B.SteffenHogardt, M.M.Hogardt2022-03-062022-03-062020https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/26705210.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.0302-s2.0-85090592444Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are common in autologous (auto-HSCT) or allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients. However, the impact of CDI on patient outcomes is controversial. We conducted this study to examine the impact of CDI on patient outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center study, including 191 lymphoma patients receiving an auto-HSCT and 276 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving an allo-HSCT. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were causes of death and, for the allo-HSCT cohort, GvHD- and relapse-free survival (GRFS). Results: The prevalence of CDI was 17.6% in the AML allo-HSCT and 7.3% in the lymphoma auto-HSCT cohort. A higher prevalence of bloodstream infections, but no differences concerning OS or cause of death were found for patients with CDI in the auto-HSCT cohort. [AU] In the allo-HSCT cohort, OS and GRFS were similar between CDI and non-CDI patients. However, the leading cause of death was relapse among non-CDI patients, but it was infectious diseases in the CDI group with fewer deaths due to relapse. Conclusions: CDI was not associated with worse survival in patients receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and there were even fewer relapse-related deaths in the AML allo-HSCT cohort.en540571572journal article